48. One hundred Questions & answers on the common cold

그림 4. 상기도와 하기도

기도를 편의상 상기도와 하기도로 분류한다.

그림 2. 상기도

a-전두동, b-비강, c-중이강, d-이관(구씨관), e-인두, f-구강, g-식도, h-기관, m-연구개, n-아데노이드, o-접형동.

Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP

그림 3. 인두와 인두 주위에 있는 림프 조직들

인두 주위에는 아데노이드, 편도, 혀뿌리 부위에 있는 설편도(혀 편도)와 인두강 후벽에 인두 편도 등의 림프 조직이 있다. (파란색 부분으로 표시됐다.)

이들은 비강과 구강을 통해 들어오는 항원. 해로운 이물질과 세균을 잡는 방어기능을 한다.

Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP

사진 1. 부비동의 X-선 사진

a-전두동, b-사골동, c-상악동.

Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP

사진 2. 부비동의 X-선 사진

a-전두동, b-사골동, c-상악동.

Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP

그림 5. 하기도와 폐.

Copyrightⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD ., FAAP

그림 6. 폐포와 모세기관지(세기관지).

Copyrightⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP

그림 7. 폐포 내서 산소가 흡수되고 이산화탄소가 기도 속을 통과한 후 콧구멍을

통과해서 공기 속으로 내보내는 과정이 생긴다.

Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP

What kind of illness is common cold(cold)?

A.The entire airway is divided into the upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract.

The part of the airway from the nostril to the larynx is called the upper respiratory tract, and the airways from the lower part of the pharynx to the lung which is the lower respiratory tract which can be divided into the epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs

The upper respiratory tract includes the nostrils, nasal cavity, sinuses, adenoids, pharynx, and tonsils.

The upper respiratory tract can be infected by any kind of virus. This kind of infection is called a cold or common cold.

Cold is the most common infectious disease among humans.

The common cold caused by a viral infection that anyone has at least once or twice in a lifetime.

There are nearly 200 kinds of viruses that may cause a cold. The coronavirus also is one kind of virus to causes the common cold.

There are many viruses that cause a common cold that may not infect only one part of the upper respiratory tract, but simultaneously infects the nasal cavity, sinuses, adenoids, pharynx, and tonsils in the upper respiratory tract and sometimes other parts of the body.

In clinical practice, a cold is called by the various names of diseases as follows.

Common cold,
Upper respiratory tract infection (URI),
Acute viral rhinitis,
Acute viral nasopharyngitis,
Acute viral pharyngotonsillitis,
It is also called a runny nose (Rhinitis).
A cold is sometimes called rhinosinusitis.
and cold

People with cold or people who do not have a cold but carry a virus that can cause colds, breathe problems, cough, and speaking problems.

If you are infected with the “cold virus” you may spread the cold virus thru your sputum or droplets to others, they will catch a cold.

What are the causes of the cold?

If one or several types of viruses over 150 to 200 species such as rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, and coxsackievirus may cause infection in the upper respiratory tract, and then you can catch a cold.

Cold is also called common cold as mentioned.

Among the 150 to 200 kinds of viruses that can cause colds, there are some viruses that cause colds more often.

Rhinovirus, adenovirus are more common causes of colds.

These various viruses further are subdivided into several virus strains.

Therefore, the number of viruses that cause colds is much more than 150-200 species when each virus type and virus genus are combined.

If the upper respiratory tract is infected with one of the many types of virus or a subgenus virus belonging to that one type of virus, you can catch a cold.

Because there are few hundreds of types of viruses that can cause colds, we cannot make all vaccinations against each virus.

For reference, bacterial infections do not cause colds.

Is there any reason or factors to get frequent cold

There are many conditions and factors that make you more prone to colds.
Some children are born with a constitution that is more prone to colds.
Have a history of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, or any other type of allergic disease
Children with a current history of allergic diseases such as an atopic constitution are more likely to get cold.
You can get it often, and once you get a cold, it’s usually more severe.
Wearing cold clothes, in a humid place, sleeping in the cold, in the rain,
Having mental and physical weakness,
Are malnourished,
Lack of physical exercise,
Living in an unclean environment,
Children and toddlers who often go to places where many children and adults gather, such as nursery schools and daycare,
Or, stressed children are more prone to colds, and the secondary bacterial infections during colds include otitis media, sinusitis, and more severe secondary bacterial infections such as pneumonia, may be more prone.

Do newborns and infants get colds too?

Newborns and infants can also get a cold.

Newborns and infants who are young than 6 months-old may resist viral infection when they are infected with a virus that can cause cold.
It is common to receive an immune body from the mother before it is born.
For this reason, it is common for most of the newborns and infants before 6 months of age or most of the infants not to catch colds.
However, because they may not have immunity from their mom for more than 200 kinds of viruses that can cause a cold.
Sometimes they were born with enough cold virus immunity,
In addition, depending on the concentration of various cold virus immunities in the body of newborns and infants, newborns and infants can also get colds or not.
For convenience, the virus that causes a cold is called a cold virus.
In general, the younger child is, the worse it is for them to get sick once they have a cold.
In addition, newborns and infants are less likely to catch colds because they have fewer opportunities to get close to people outside the household who have colds.
As described above, when newborns or infants catch a cold, the symptoms of the cold can be more severe and affect them.
Secondary bacterial infections, such as otitis media or pneumonia, may be more prone in newborns and infants when they get cold.
Since the total length of the upper and lower airways of newborns and infants is very short, almost equal to the length of one of their little fingers, the infection does not occur in only one part of the upper respiratory tract, but occasionally occurs throughout the lower respiratory tracts, rhinitis, and pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, etc. may occur together.

What are the cold symptoms in newborns and infants?

When newborns or infants catch cold, atypical signs of cold symptoms may appear compared to those of colds in toddlers, preschool age children, and school-aged children.

For example, it is common for infants and school-age children to deliberately open their mouths and breathe through their mouths (oral breathing) as needed instead of breathing through their noses when the nose is stuffed by a cold.

In newborns and infants, the nasal cavity is narrower and smaller, and it is common for the nasal passages to become more easily clogged if they catch a cold.

So instead of breathing through their nose (instead of breathing through their nasal passages), they have to deliberately open their mouth and breathe through their mouth.

However, newborns and infants often cannot breathe properly with their mouth opened or thru the nose because they are immature with the ability to breathe that way.

So when they catch a cold, breathing difficulties can sometimes be severe.

When the nose is stuffed by a cold, sometimes newborns or infants cannot suck their mother’s breast milk well, nor they can suck artificial nutrient bottle nipples.

So they feel more difficult to breathe.

In other words, newborns and infants are unable to open their mouths and breathe smoothly when their nose is stuffed with a cold.

Preschool-age children, school-age children, and adolescents may also have a cold, congestion of their nose and difficulty breathing through their nose.

However, they can deliberately open their mouths when their nose is clogged and take some oral breath through their mouths.

As explained above, the size of the nasal cavity of newborns and infants is less than that of school-age children or adolescent children.

It’s much smaller, so it can easily get clogged up by a cold, and once their nose is clogged, They are more likely to have trouble breathing and suffer a lot more.

Newborns and infants have a whole body ache from a cold, a mild fever, and a headache, but they can’t express themselves well in words, so they whining, fluffing, and crying.

Symptoms such as backache may occur.

They may also lose their appetite and not eat well.

Sometimes, the virus that caused the cold infects the gastrointestinal tract and causes gastroenteritis.

At this time, symptoms of a cold may appear and symptoms of viral gastroenteritis may appear.

Sometimes, symptoms of gastroenteritis, such as diarrhea and vomiting, may be present with old symptoms.

In addition, the cold virus does not only infect the upper respiratory tract but also simultaneously infects the lower respiratory tract and cause viral bronchitis, viral bronchiolitis, viral pneumonia, croup, etc. at the same time.

During a cold, newborns and infants are more susceptible to secondary bacterial infections, such as bacterial otitis media or bacterial pneumonia.

How many times does a child get cold a year?

Studies have shown that one child has a cold at least 6 to 7 times a year, and some children have 22 times a year.

In nurseries, kindergartens, or elementary schools, where many infants, preschool-age children, and school-age children gather, especially infants and toddlers catch colds more often.

Toddlers and preschool infants do fewer catch colds when they stay with their parents at home, but they usually catch more colds as soon as they start going to nurseries or kindergartens where many infants gather.

The youngest infants and toddlers among several household members get colds more frequently than other household members.

In one family, while any infants or toddlers living primarily with their parents, they usually do often catch a cold. However, after they start going to nursery, kindergarten, or elementary school they get cold more especially during the first few months. Other infants and toddlers who come there may be infected with a cold virus, a virus that caused other types of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, or a virus that caused gastroenteritis, resulting in cold and viral gastroenteritis.

What are the cold symptoms and signs in children?

We have already explained the symptoms of colds in newborns and infants.

Here, we look at the symptoms of a cold in toddlers, preschool children, and school ages after newborn and infancy.

Symptoms of colds differ depending on the type of virus that causes a cold in children, the age of the child, the presence of complications from having a cold, and the illness other than the cold.

It is common for the main symptoms of a cold to appear after an incubation period for 2 to 6 days after the virus has infected the upper respiratory tract.

Typical main symptoms and signs of a cold are runny noses, watery eyes, stuffy nose, sneezing, general malaise, mild to high fever, headache, pharyngeal pruritus, sore throat, muscle pain, fatigue, cough, and loss of appetite depend upon the kind of viruses.

Usually, the main symptoms of a cold may last in children last 4 days to 10 days.

Rarely, it lasts for 14 days.

It is common to get sick and heal naturally.

However, depending on the child’s age and the type of virus that caused the cold, the symptoms and signs can vary greatly.

Symptoms of a cold vary slightly from time to time depending on whether you have cold-induced bronchial asthma when you have a cold, or whether there are complications arising from secondary bacterial infection and the severity of the complication.

However, symptoms other than a cold should be suspected if symptoms persist for more than 10 days, or rarely 14 days. As you know well, SARS( severe acute respiratory syndrome)-COV-2( coronavirus 2) can cause either the cold or severe COVID-19

Can children with cold go to school while having a cold

There may be symptoms such as sore throat, tiredness, runny nose, headache, and mild fever when they have a cold, but there are many students who go to school every day with a cold.

A cold is a type of upper respiratory virus infectious disease.

The virus that caused the cold is likely to spread to other students or other people around the cold patients. However, in general, it is not necessary to isolate children who have colds from children who do not.

Most of the time, even if children with colds are isolated, the effect of isolation is practically insignificant.

In most cases, it’s common for children to get cold 6 to 7 times a year.

Some children get cold 22 times a year mentioned above.

If they don’t go to school for a week or two weeks every time they have a cold, they can’t go to school for at least two months a year according to calculation.

When a child living in the same neighborhood starts to get a cold, almost all children in that neighborhood can get a cold.

Therefore, it is not a practical way to prevent cold treatment to isolate a child with a cold from other students without sending it to school.

When a child in school begins to have a cold, most of the students in the class may already have a mild cold or maybe in a dormant state, even if the other students in the class do not have a symptomatic cold.

For one reason or another, students who have a cold, but can go to school if there are no signs of symptoms severe enough to go to school and their health is generally good. However, it’s a good idea to take into account your specific situation and ask your regular doctor to decide if they can go to school.

Nowadays the SARS-COV-2 infection may give viral URI and/or it may cause severe COVID-19. If somebody has a corona virus infection with a symptom or no symptom, she or he must be isolated according. (Above statement somewhat duplicated.)

Do children cough due to cold?

When children only have a cold, they can cough a little.

When children have a cold, a runny nose can flow into your nostrils and flow through the posterior nostril to the upper pharyngeal cavity.

When a cold-induced irritates the nasal mucosa, they can sneeze and cough a little.

When the mucous membrane of the pharyngeal cavity is irritated by a runny nose from the posterior nostril, you can cough a little.

In addition, when the pharyngeal mucosa is irritated due to inflammation in the pharynx due to a cold, a gentle cough can occur a little.

However, when you only have a cold, you will not cough by spitting the expert from your inside-chest, and also the phlegm does not come out of your lower respiratory tract.

In other words, when you have just a cold, the cough is not caused by any infection in the chest and phlegm does not come out of the lower respiratory tract.

A cold can cause a sore throat, which can make your pharynx itchy and cough a little.

Unless there are complications, most common colds are confined to the upper respiratory tract.

When children have only a cold, they don’t cough up the sputum from the chest unless you have complications such as laryngitis (viral croup), bronchial asthma, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia.

When coughing out of the chest while spitting out sputum, whether you are suspicious of having a cold and asthma together, cold and pneumonia together, or a cold and bronchitis together, etc., It is good to be sure that you have another respiratory illness other than a cold.

Cold is lasting more than two weeks, Why?

In most cases, symptoms of a cold last 4 to 10 days and then heal naturally.

Rarely lasts for 14 days. However, if the cold continues for more than 10 to 14 days and does not completely heal, consider the following cases.

Whether you have complications such as sinusitis, otitis media, allergic rhinitis, or bronchial asthma while having a cold

Whether you are suffering from a disease other than a cold, rather than cold from the very beginning.

You should suspect whether you have a cold and other infectious or non-infectious diseases at the same time.

A bacterial infection in the sinuses during a cold can lead to sinusitis, a bacterial infection in the middle ear can lead to acute otitis media, and lung infection can lead to pneumonia.

When there is a complication such as a secondary bacterial infection, the symptoms of the complication and the symptoms of a cold already exist appear together.

In particular, if a cold may induce bronchial asthma, you may suffer from a cold and asthma together from the beginning of a cold, and then the symptoms of bronchial asthma continue to occur even though the cold is over, and you may suffer from cold-induced asthmatic coughing for a long time.

How to make a diagnosis of the cold?

You can easily diagnose a cold by synthesizing your medical history, symptoms, signs, and physical examination findings.

However, initial symptoms of various types of viral upper and lower respiratory infections, or bacterial upper and lower respiratory infections may sometimes be similar to those of colds.

In general, such infectious diseases and colds should be diagnosed differentially.

Especially,

Flu,
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis or tonsillitis,
Infectious mono,
laryngitis,
Croup,
Bronchial asthma,
Bronchiolitis,
Bronchitis,
Or, you should differentially diagnose pneumonia and colds.
It should be diagnosed differently from sinusitis or allergic rhinitis.
In many other cases, the initial symptoms of systemic infectious diseases are similar to those of a cold.

So sometimes doctors and parents can misdiagnose that they have a cold that they have other types of infectious diseases.

Anyone of all ages, especially when infants and toddlers have a cold and suddenly have a high fever, feel worse than the usual symptoms of a cold, and do not eat well, and do not laugh well (when in a toxic state), a secondary bacterial infection. It is important to think that there is a possibility of complications occurring in any part of the body. In that case, you should seek medical attention immediately.

Why to take throat cultures with throat mucosa when to have a sore throat when my children go to the pediatric office for a sore throat.

When you go to the local pediatric office for a sore throat, there are many cases of bacterial pharyngitis as well as viral pharyngitis.

There are many causes of sore throat.

The causes can be largely divided into three.

First, pharyngitis can be caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infectious pharyngitis and, or tonsillitis.

Second, pharyngitis can be caused by viral infectious pharyngitis and/or pharyngeal tonsillitis.

Third, a sore throat can be caused by other causes.

In other words, pharyngeal pain can be caused by viral pharyngitis, and/or group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis or pharyngeal tonsillitis can occur.

When you have a sore throat, it is difficult just to look into the pharynx with the naked eye and determine whether a viral infection causes a sore throat, which is the result of pharyngitis, or whether a bacterial infection has caused a sore throat.

Therefore, in order to differentially diagnose these two types of pharyngitis, a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacterial culture test or group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal antigen-antibody aggregation reaction test can be performed with mucus collected with a cotton swab from the pharyngeal mucosa. Sometimes two tests can be done simultaneously.

If the result is positive, the pharyngeal pain can be diagnosed as a result of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis, and if it is negative, it is common to reverse diagnose that pharyngitis has occurred due to viral pharyngitis.

Without such a bacteriological test, it is difficult to reliably diagnose whether the pharyngitis is caused by viral pharyngitis or group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis.

Viral pharyngitis as used herein includes cold, infectious mono, flu, or COVID-19.

If the sore throat is caused by a viral upper respiratory tract, such as a cold, the viral upper respiratory tract is not treated with antibiotics. However, a sore throat caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis should be treated with antibiotics.

Treating a sore throat in this way can lead to a dilemma for both the doctor, the patient, and the country.

The patient has the right to know and the right to receive the most appropriate treatment, and the doctor has the duty to give the most appropriate treatment.

If you go to the local pediatric office complaining of symptoms of cold or sore throat, doctors do a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacterial culture test or a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus antigen-antibody agglutination test usually, and if the result is positive, antibiotics which the common treatment method in the United States is to start treatment with and if negative, start treatment with no antibiotics.

Sometimes they have to do another pediatric visit a few days later to do catch-up treatment,

The cost of a beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacterial culture test for a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus antigen-antibody agglutination test varies depending on where you live.

How to treat the common cold?

Cold is a type of viral infection in the upper respiratory tract. That is viral acute upper respiratory tract infection.

Cold is also known as the common cold, URI, or upper respiratory tract infection. It is also called acute nasopharyngitis instead of the name of a cold.

Although influenza is called flu, it is a very different type of viral respiratory infection from the cold. Because the symptoms and signs of the two diseases of influenza and cold are different and sometimes have similarities, it is sometimes difficult to reliably differentiate the two diseases from each other based on symptoms and examination findings without especially performing clinical lab tests.

There are no special drugs that can cure some of the cold, and there are no other special treatment methods.

In addition, there are no reliably preventable methods, no drugs, no preventive vaccines, and no preventable drugs.

There are no medications that make colds heal faster and easier, and there are no treatments that will definitely work.

Antibiotics have no effect on treating a cold, and if you treat a cold with antibiotics, the antibiotic treatment can cause side effects.

Also, antibiotics or antiviral drugs cannot prevent colds.

During a cold, secondary bacterial infections such as bacterial otitis media, bacterial sinusitis, or bacterial pneumonia can develop. There is no clear way to prevent such complications from occurring.

The initial symptom and signs of a cold are diverse and are often similar to those of many other types of infectious diseases or other diseases in our bodies.

For that reason, if children suspect to have a cold, it is ideal to seek medical advice or diagnostic treatment.

However, in many cases, it is often unclear whether even the doctor is not sure whether he is really only suffering from a cold or has other complications.

In general, it is common to make a presumptive diagnosis that you are not suffering from any secondary bacterial infectious disease other than a cold and that you are only suffering from a cold, and then treat a common cold according to the symptoms at that time. There are virtually no cold remedies.

In general, when you have a cold, the most ideal treatment is to drink plenty of fluids and rest comfortably while at home, mentally and physically rest.

Symptoms vary depending on the severity and age of the symptoms, but for toddlers, preschool-age children, and school-age children, it is good to take a rest while watching TV at home or reading a book.

That doesn’t mean they have to lie down and relax in the house until the cold is over from the first day after you start to catch a cold.

Refrain from excessive physical exercise until the cold is over.

Symptoms such as pain and fever, such as headache, muscle pain, sore throat, etc., can be symptomatically treated with antipyretic analgesics such as Tylenol or Ibuprofen.

If possible, follow your doctor’s instructions even when receiving treatment with these types of drugs.

These days, aspirin is not used to treat colds.

Preschool-age children or school-age children who have a cold and runny nose and have a stuffy nose should blow and wipe their nose frequently.

Blowing your nose too hard can cause germs in your nasal passages to get into your middle ear or into your sinuses, so make them sneak.

When school-age children and toddlers have a stuffy nose and are unable to eat breast milk or artificial nutrition well and are suffering from sleep, it is treated as much as wiping the nose. You can treat nasal congestion by putting the physiological saline solution into their nasal cavity.

These days, children under 2-6 years of age are not treated with oral-nasal mucosal decongestants unless directed by a doctor.

In particular, oral-nasal mucosal decongestants should not be used to treat colds in infants, school-age children and younger children before 6 years old.

Nasal mucosa decongestion spray that can be sprayed in the nasal cavity and treated.

Drops to relieve nasal mucosa congestion that can be dropped into the nasal cavity.

Oral nasal mucosa decongestion drops,

Or, it manufactures and sells drugs that can be used in various types of cold treatment, such as nasal mucosa decongestion drugs.

From October 2007, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that the pharmacy does not sell cold cough medicines for children without a doctor’s prescription.

In particular, antihistamines, nasal mucosa decongestants, and cold cough suppressants are not recommended to treat colds for children under 6 years of age because they can be harmful to children’s health, the effect of treating colds is not clear, and other problems such as side effects can occur.

According to www.FAAP.org/new/kidcolds.htm, the following cold medications should not be used to treat colds in children aged 6 years.

Dimetapp: Decongestant Plus Cough Infant Drops,
Dimetapp: Decongestant Infant Drops,
Little Colds: Decongestant Plus Cough,
Little Colds: Multi-Symptom Cold Formula,
PEDIACARE : Infant Drops Decongestant (containing pseudoephedrine),
PEDIACARE : Infant Drops Decongestant & Cough (containing pseudoephedrine),
PEDIACARE: Infant Dropper Decongestant (containing phenylephrine),
PEDIACARE Infant Dropper Long-Acting Cough,
PEDIACARE : Infant Dropper Decongestant & Cough (containing phenylephrine),
Robitussin: Infant Cough DM Drops,
Triaminic: Infant & Toddler Thin Strips(R) Decongestant,
Triaminic: Infant & Toddler Thin Strips(R) Decongestant Plus Cough,
TYLENOL: Concentrated Infants’ Drops Plus Cold,
TYLENOL: Concentrated Infants’ Drops Plus Cold & Cough
When pre-adolescent infants suffer from clogged noses from a cold, they can be treated with drops of nasal mucosal decongestants according to the doctor’s instructions.
When school-age children or teenagers after the age of 6 have a cold and develop nasal mucosa congestion and their nose is blocked, they can be treated with a nasal mucosa decongestant such as Afrin/oxymetazoline or neo synephrine according to the doctor’s instructions.

The nasal mucosa decongestant has a pharmacological action that relieves nasal mucosal congestion by constricting the congestive capillaries of the nasal mucosa and constricts swollen mucous membranes and capillaries to clear the blocked nasal cavity.

Actifed, Dimetapp, and PediaCare were OTC comprehensive cold medicines that were often used to treat childhood colds. In other words, it is an oral comprehensive cold medicine that can relieve capillary congestion in the nasal mucosa.

That kind of general cold medicine usually contains drug components such as nasal mucosa and capillary decongestants and antihistamines. Sometimes it can contain two or three different types of drug components. This type of medicine can be used as directed by a doctor when treating a cold in school-age or adolescent children after age 6

Sudafed contains a drug component that can relieve capillary congestion in the nasal mucosa. These types of drugs can also cure a cold by adjusting the treatment dose according to age and symptoms. You can choose one of several nasal mucosa capillary decongestants and use them as directed by your doctor.

However, ask your doctor if this type of drug can cure colds for infants and young children before 6 years of age, and then follow your doctor’s instructions to treat colds.

In children after 6 years of age, cold without complications can be treated appropriately as an antipyretic analgesic or as a nasal mucosa decongestant according to the doctor’s instructions.

When the symptoms of a cold are mild, it is common to stop using these types of medicines and heal naturally after a few days.

However, if complications arise from secondary bacterial infections such as bacterial otitis media or bacterial sinusitis, secondary bacterial infection is appropriately treated with antibiotics.

If bronchial asthma is induced by a cold, treat asthma appropriately with appropriate asthma medication.

You can buy drugs to treat a common cold at a pharmacy without a doctor’s prescription, but it is a rule to buy and use such cold drugs according to your doctor’s advice.

Pharyngeal pain caused by a cold and a sore throat caused by viral upper respiratory tract is not effective in antibiotic treatment.

However, pharyngitis caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection should be treated with antibiotics to cure the pharyngitis and the pharyngeal pain.

Treating such a complex cold can lead to a dilemma for both doctors, patients, and countries.

Because patients, of course, have the right to know and receive the most appropriate treatment, and doctors need to give the best treatment.

If a patient comes to the pediatric office with symptoms of cold or sore throat, do a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacterial culture test or a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal antigen-antibody aggregation test. If the result is positive, treat with antibiotics and if negative it is common not to treat antibiotics.

However, there are also problems with these treatments. Sometimes, you have to visit a pediatric office again for follow-up treatment, and the cost of performing a beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacterial culture test for a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus antigen-antibody agglutination test depends on where you live. At the same time, it costs about 10 to 30 dollars for one inspection.

Once you have a cold, the cost of seeing a doctor, the cost of diagnostic treatment, and or of these and other treatments can be substantial.

It is rare for only one member of the family to catch a cold, and when all members of the family have a cold, the entire family may need to undergo diagnostic treatment together. In addition, assuming that a common cold is infectious throughout the country or across the country and all the people may be ill, the cost of treating a cold can be an astronomical number in order to properly diagnose and treat a cold.

Should we concern any foods for cold?

During the first few days of having a cold, it is common to lose appetite and not eat well.

Forced feeding of food to such a young child can cause vomiting.

Sometimes eating a small amount too can cause vomiting too.

Therefore, you should not force food to be fed.

Ask your regular pediatrician and doctor to find out what foods are good for the cold at that time.

Newborns and infants who are breastfed or who are on artificial nutrition can be fed breast milk or artificial nutrition as usual.

After infancy, if toddlers, preschool-age children, or school-age children do not eat well, they eat whole or semi-liquid foods that can be easily digested, such as fruit juice, barley tea, meat broth, or rice porridge.

Drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration.

As they gradually recover and their appetite improves, gradually change to the food which they normally eat.

During the first few days of a cold, they use less energy because they are less physically active than usual.

In addition, all functions of the whole body are reduced by a cold. For this reason, the function of the digestive system is also reduced by a cold, so it is common to eat little by little. Sometimes a cold virus infection in the gastrointestinal tract can make it difficult to digest

It is better not to eat cow milk or milk foods that contain cow milk as much as possible because cow milk or foods containing cow milk components are not digested well while suffering a cold.

Is a humidifier helpful for cold treatment?

It is generally not recommended to use a humidifier to treat colds.

However, you can use a humidifier to control the humidity in the room.

The humidity spray from the humidifier has little effect on cold treatment.

In particular, make sure that the spray from the humidifier does not go directly to the patient.

If you use a humidifier, the interior of the bedroom may become damp and the floor may become wet and slippery, resulting in safety accidents such as falls.

Instead of using a humidifier, drink plenty of the fluid orally, dry wet laundry indoors, or use other methods to keep indoor humidity at about 60% to prevent dehydration.

You don’t even have to worry about getting dehydrated if you eat as usual while you have a cold.